Guatemalas 1987 National Survey on Maternal and Infant Health (ENSMI) took place between September-December 1987. 5,160 women were interviewed between 15-44, providing health information for 4,581 children under 5. Guatemalas population is estimated at 8.2 million with a 2.8% growth rate doubling in 22 years. Emigration has prevented the growth rate from being higher. Outcomes from the ENSMI demonstrated that there is chronic malnutrition between infants 12-36 months with more than 2/3 of infants in this age category suffering from growth retardation. 1 of every 9 children dies before the age of 5. Infant mortality is highest among children that: 1) live in rural zones, 2) have illiterate mothers, 3) have mothers who are under 20 or between 40- 44, 4) were born before 2 years of previous birth spacing, and 5) were born as a 7th or later child. Additional factors leading to infant mortality include the lack of prenatal care and medical assistance during delivery, only 3 out of every 10 births (5 years before the survey) had professional medical assistance during deliveries, diarrhea remains the leading cause of death between infants 6-23 months, with few receiving ORT, only 1/2 of those 12-23 months had an official vaccination card and the majority of children < 1 are not protected against tetanus. 1/2 of Guatemalan women are married and have their 1st child by 20 and breastfeeding is practiced for an average of 20 months. The average number of children is 5/6 with 1/2 the women stating that they do not want additional children and 1 of every 4 wanting to space their next pregnancy for 2 years. The contraceptive prevalence rate is 23%.
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